Scenario Management Springer International â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Scenario Management Springer International? Answer: Introducation Monetary spending plan is made so as to assess the expenses acquired of a year toward the start of the period. This is set up to watch the contrast between the genuine and assessed information and in this way might be utilized by the administration for deciding. Financial plans might be characterized into two classifications: Fixed and adaptable spending plan. Fixed spending plan is planned based on yield of the business. Indeed, even the yield is guage and hence it might be not quite the same as the assessed esteem. Due to this explanation adaptable spending plan is made in contrast with fixed financial plan. The adaptable spending plan is set up subsequent to breaking down all the things accessible in the salary proclamation based on the real benefit (Bruner, Eades and Schill, 2017). The accompanying tables show the utilization of fixed and adaptable financial plan: Explanation indicating fixed financial plan. Points of interest Spending sum for every unit Static financial plan Genuine spending plan Change 5000 units 8000 units Income 30 150000 200000 - 50000 Variable expense: Material 12 60000 78000 - 18000 Work 8 40000 70000 - 30000 Overhead 5 25000 42000 - 17000 All out 25 125000 190000 - 65000 Commitment 5 25000 10000 15000 Fixed expense: Assembling 50000 45000 5000 Promoting 25000 26000 - 1000 All out - 50000 - 61000 11000 Explanation indicating adaptable spending plan. Points of interest Spending sum for every unit Adaptable financial plan Genuine spending plan Change 8000 units 8000 units Income 30 240000 270000 - 30000 Variable expense: Material 12 96000 125000 - 29000 Work 8 64000 70000 - 6000 Overhead 5 40000 42000 - 2000 All out 25 200000 237000 - 37000 Commitment 5 40000 33000 7000 Fixed expense: Assembling 50000 30000 20000 Promoting 25000 20000 5000 All out benefit - 35000 - 17000 - 18000 The planned expenses are set up based on the quantity of units created so the organization may check it a short time later so as to recognize the varieties and its the explanation (Clarke and Clarke, 1990). Therefore it is discovered that adaptable financial plan is progressively best since it assists with computing benefit all the more precisely in the wake of watching all the expenses brought about. The money spending plan is made by each firm in order to find out the wellspring of the money age and furthermore to know where the cash is being contributed. The greatest intention of a firm is to make items and sell them so it is essential to make creation financial plan and deals spending plan (Fairhurst, 2015). Deals spending plan: It is made by the firm in order to find out the gauge of the deals for a brief timeframe. It is set up for a brief timeframe in light of the fact that it is having an unpredictable nature. The fundamental salary of a firm is produced by deals and therefore it is important to discover the data identifying with the money inflow which might be utilized to set up the spending plan. Creation spending plan: In request to produce pay it is fundamental for a firm to fabricate products. It is likewise significant that the firm should think about the satisfactory amount it needs to create. So it is important to set up a creation financial plan as there is surge of the money. The two most significant component of a money cycle are the working cycle and working capital. The working cycle begins when the acquisition of crude materials is done and finishes with the installment of the completed merchandise which implies that the whole cycles shows the change of asset to money. Working capital proportion might be recognized as the proportion between the current resources and the current liabilities of a firm. There are a few kinds of working capital: I absolutely can't help contradicting the announcement since like private firms there are numerous other such people like financial specialists, leasers, government authorities, open, and so on who may utilize the data for settling on monetary choices (Galbraith, Downey and Kates, 2002). The administration associations are qualified for take care of producing benefit as well as they are additionally given the duty of fulfilling needs of individuals and financial advancement of the nation, and along these lines the data is viewed as significant for the investors as well. A costing framework may assist the firm with deciding the buys and strategy for creation. The administration takes a gander at each side of the circumstances and take choice dependent on the choices of cost controlling and re-appropriating accordingly planning the arrangement which may get the firm with the most extreme measure of benefit. There might be a request which might be unsafe for the firm, so the exercises are arranged as needs be. Additionally, the investors are having the option to be refreshed about the budgetary situation of the organization. The assembling overhead designation pace of miracle items is determined underneath: Assembling overhead rate= Assembling overhead = 598080 7000 = 85.44 Per machine hour. Note: Manufacturing overhead are determined according to the machine hour. The regulatory overhead designation pace of marvel items is determined beneath: Regulatory overhead rate= Regulatory overhead Work hours = 695520 14000 = 49.68 per work hour. Note: Administrative overhead is determined according to work hours. (c ) Calculation of all out expense: Direct material 19000 Cost because of work hours (750*49.68) 37260 Cost because of machine hours (400*85.44) 34176 All out expense 90436 Provided cost estimate = Total expense + Profit edge. Complete expense 90436 Benefit (40%) 36174.4 Provided Cost estimate 126610.4 Any roundabout costs that are identified with the assembling procedure are known as overheads. These overheads structure an enormous piece of the all out expense. It is essential to apportion overhead rate appropriately in light of the fact that there will lie a danger of over assimilation or under retention of overheads. Additionally there are different issues in the customary methodology, in the single cover as there is a solitary cost driver though there are enormous number of exercises that are done (Hassani, 2016). Time span is the primary purpose behind picking foreordained rate. The overhead is assessed when the procedure of creation begins. In any case, the genuine figure of overhead is resolved when the work reaches a conclusion, It isn't anything but difficult to evaluate the right measure of overhead. There consistently lies an uncertainty that whether the overhead that is resolved will be sufficiently close to the assessed overhead or not (Holland and Torregrosa, 2008). References: Bruner, R., Eades, K. what's more, Schill, M. (2017).Case investigations in fund. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill Education. Clarke, R. what's more, Clarke, R. (1990).Strategic monetary administration. Homewood, Ill.: R.D. Irwin. Fairhurst, D. (2015).Using Excel for Business Analysis A Guide to Financial Modeling Fundamenta. John Wiley Sons. Galbraith, J., Downey, D. what's more, Kates, A. (2002).Designing powerful associations. New York: AMACOM. Hassani, B. (2016).Scenario investigation in chance administration. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Holland, J. also, Torregrosa, D. (2008).Capital planning. [Washington, D.C.]: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office.

Interest in Public Health

The quest for a fantastic and significant vocation is my definitive objective and an ace of general wellbeing degree is a venturing stone along the way to a future profession. For me, it is additionally an obligation I owe to myself. My advanced degree presented me to various general medical problems. While at college, I was associated to an enemies of AIDS club whose expanded accentuation was set on conduct change to forestall the danger of STDs, HIV/AIDS and impromptu pregnancies.I especially joined this club so I could have an effect on individual understudies and forestall the spread of the infection as I had lost a great deal of my nearby relations to HIV/AIDS. It was starting here that my enthusiasm for general wellbeing emerged. During my fifth year of college training, I proposed to direct an examination on the job of physiotherapy in patients HIV/AIDS patients however couldn't lead the named look into because of subsidizing challenges and morals issues.Nevertheless, I despit e everything singled out another general wellbeing theme ‘the commonness of grievances of arm, neck and shoulder among office laborers who utilize PCs' and I earned myself an honor as the best graduating understudy in Research. The discoveries of the investigation further incited me to have any kind of effect and forestall preventable sicknesses, along these lines considered general wellbeing research as a profession. My work understanding as a physiotherapist is inside the field of general wellbeing and has built up my sickness distinguishing proof, treatment and to a lesser degree preventive skills.I am as of now occupied with network (outreach)programmes for HIV/AIDS patients. My job in this movement, is to recognize and prepare patients who are on Anti retro infection drugs who have remaining impacts (feeble appendages) of ARVs and others in the network who may really require physiotherapy administrations. In spite of the fact that this joining of physiotherapy administrat ions with HIV/AIDS exercises at the medical clinic is still in its early stages stage, as a division we have accomplished an expansion of 30% in the quantity of patients caught in the network and are really getting to our services.What about the remainder of the 70% ? we could at present improve. Expressly, being the administrator of the physiotherapy part of the HIV/AIDS program I have earned a lot of knowledge on issues relating to . Nonetheless, each time we set out on the standard network visits and discover cases that could have been forestalled, I feel tested and somewhat spurred to accomplish more than I am as of now doing in light of the fact that right now our principle accentuation is on the remedial part of illness as opposed to anticipation and essential consideration . what's more, I as determined to have Hyperthyroidism in 2009 and I understand that I am not ready to fulfill the physical needs of my present place of employment and would need to add to populace wellbein g at an authoritative level. My investment in the program affirmed my growing enthusiasm for preventive medication and improved nature of care. I am attracted to general wellbeing in light of its unbounded answers for medical issues. I am looking for general wellbeing aptitudes create and have the option to contribute decidedly towards the strength of the network and society at large.In expansion, I feel that my present degree alone, isn't offering me satisfactory profession openings, in which case increasing a further capability especially ace of general wellbeing, will furnish me with new vocation choices and advance my possibilities colossally. After I complete the ace of general wellbeing program, I will have obtained critical thinking abilities, finding and utilizing data viably and scientific reasoning skills.In perspective on this, I mean to join a Non Governmental Organization managing in general medical problems and conceivably work in a rustic region as that is the place t he main part of the work is to be finished. Right now I am reading for a testament in HIV/AIDS the board, I accept the declaration and the ace of general wellbeing coupled together will assist me with performing better in my future occupation job as I might want to be engaged with the concocting of projects centered to forestall and give quality human services particularly in HIV/AIDS related activities.

Budgeting Process Complete Guide

Budgeting Process Complete Guide Budgeting is a process whereby future income and expenditure are decided in order to streamline the expenditure process. Budgeting is done in order to keep track of the expenditures and income. It serves as a monitoring and controlling method in order to manage the finances of a business. It begins by deciding upon the financial goals according to which the budget will be made. Other important activities in the budgeting process include things such as forecasting, monitoring, controlling and evaluating the financial goals.Budgeting process is very crucial for any business entity. Without a proper budget, a business can never keep track of how much it has earned and how much it has spent. Budget serves a great guide by which a business can oversee its income stream and can identify potential dangers to it beforehand. Furthermore, budget acts as a valuable tool in order to take control of how a business spends. A budget makes sure that all the money is being spent in the right directio n and financial goals are attained. Some of the important aspects of the budgeting process are discussed as follows. © Shutterstock.com | pedrosekIn this article, we look at 1) approaches to budgeting process, 2) components of a budget, 3) steps in the budgeting process, and 4) importance of budgets.APPROACHES TO BUDGETING PROCESSBudgeting can be done in a variety of ways, and it is always a smart choice to be aware of more than just a single way of budgeting. However, two of the most important approaches to budgeting process are:Top-Down Budget In the top-down budgeting process, the primary input is made by the top-level executives of the business. The echelon of a certain organizational hierarchy lays down all the guidelines according to which budget will be made. They outline the financial goals that a budget should maintain. Moreover, guidelines related to sales budget, compensation, etc. are all given by the top management. The lower level management is given the least amount of participation in the budgeting process. They are only involved in executing these guidelines.Bottom-Up Budget The bottom-up approach to budgeting adopts a more inclusive  approach towards the budgeting process. Although the upper-level management gives out the general guidelines related for a budget, however, employees and the lower management formulate these budgets. Each division of the organization forms its budget in accordance to the general guidelines. In the end, the budget of the entire organization is formed by combining the individual budgets of each division. The bottom-up approach for a budgeting process is highly inclusive in nature. The employees overall tend to be much more committed to working under the budget in this approach. This is due to the fact that employees have participated in drawing up a budget and therefore they know that the budget is very acceptable.COMPONENTS OF BUDGETThere are many divisions of an organization and therefore budgeting for each of the division is specific to its needs. When all the budgets of each division are combined, it results into the fina l budget, which is often referred to as the “Master Budget”. Various components of the budget are discussed as follows:Sales BudgetSales budget outlines the forecasted income stream of the business. It is usually the first budget to be prepared as the revenue generated will ultimately determine the level of expenditure. Under the sales budget, sales of the business are forecasted. Sales are forecasted in terms of sales volume and the sales revenue. The forecasting is done on the following basis:Previous pattern of salesEconomic conditions e.g. rate of inflation, interest rate, exchange rate, economic growth ratePolitical conditionsState of competition in the marketOther factors that can affect the sales e.g. technology, etc.Production BudgetThe production budget is of high importance in the overall budgeting process. It determines the number of units of a product that will be produced by the business. It also determines the cost at which the products have to be produced. Product ion budget is made according to the sales budget. Required sales units, opening inventory and required closing inventory are used to reach the number of units that have to be produced in a budgeted period.Direct Material Purchases BudgetDirect materials, like the name suggests, are the ones that are being used directly in the production of goods. The budget related to direct material determines the amount and cost of these resources that will be required in the production activity.Labor, Overhead, and SGA BudgetBudgets related to labor, overhead and SGA (selling, general and administrative) are prepared separately. They are then combined under a single head.The direct labor budget is prepared. Labor that participates in the production process forms the direct labor cost. This budget is prepared according to the number of labor hours and the cost per hour.Overheads are those costs that are not incurred directly in the production of goods, but are indispensable with regard to the prod uction activity e.g. rent of the factory. The budget of the overhead cost is prepared in relation to the direct labor hours.SGA costs are incurred in order to conduct the day to day operations of a business. They consist of fixed and variable costs.Cash BudgetCash is known to have a similar importance to a business as blood has to body. No matter how successful a business is, if it runs out of cash, its survival is seriously jeopardized. In order to ensure smooth operations of the business, strong emphasis must be laid upon the development of cash budget. Cash budget helps to formulate in advance the payment and receipt cycles of the business and thus it ensures that cash is readily available to a business. By formulating cash budget, the business can keep track of its accounts receivables and accounts payable. In order to avoid shortage of cash, the business can arrange its credit plans related to accounts receivables and accounts payable accordingly.Budgeted Financial StatementsBu dgeted financial statements are prepared on the basis of each budget component. These budgeted financial statements are called pro forma financial statements. Through the budgeted financial statements, a business will be able to forecast its profits. Profit forecasting is important because it will determine the viability of carrying out the business.STEPS IN THE BUDGETING PROCESSBudgeting is a detailed process with several intricate steps leading up to understanding it at large. A step-by-step guide to the budgeting process is given as below.1. Update budget assumptionsBudgets are always prepared on certain assumptions. Those assumptions could be related to the sales trends, cost trends or environmental conditions. Before embarking on preparing the budget, these assumptions must be thoroughly reviewed according to the recent environmental conditions.2. Note Available fundingLimited funding can greatly hinder the growth projects of the business. Therefore, in the preparation of budge ts adequate attention has to be given to the available funding as the availability of investable funds will determine the initiation of viable projects.3. Step costing pointsThe business environment is subject to dynamism. Every day it is posed with challenges that can completely change its cost structure. Therefore, in the budgeting process certain factors that can affect the costing for the business should be closely considered. These factors should be identified beforehand in order to make the budget realistic.4. Create budget packageIn budget package, previous standards related to the budgeting process are taken in order to formulate a budget for the current period. Previous standards are updated according to the recent environmental conditions. Budget package is a kind of outline according to which budget has to be prepared.5. Obtain revenue forecastThere is no denying the fact that sales budget is the most crucial budget of all. All the budgets are based on the sales budget. F urthermore, sales budget determines whether the business is generating enough revenue necessary for its survival. Therefore, adequate attention must be given to the preparation of sales budget by forecasting demand accurately.6. Obtain department budgetsThe department budgets will help to reach a budgeted expenditure for the budgeted period. Each department will prepare its own budget and then all of them will be combined to become a part of the master budget.7. Validate compensationCompensation plans are a significant component of the budgeting process. As compensation is subject to an annual increase, therefore, it should be prepared with great care. The approval for compensation increase should first be taken from the top management, and then it should be augmented in the budgeted compensation plans.8. Validate bonus plansIn order to maintain the morale of the employees, bonuses are frequently given to out motivated workers. Bonuses act as an appraisal method. Bonus announcements that are not considered in the budgeting process can create havoc in the profits of the business. Therefore, any bonus plans should be taken into consideration beforehand. The top management should be consulted for any bonus plans.9. Obtain capital budget requestsCapital expenditure ensures expansion of the business. It helps the business to avail the opportunities necessary for business growth. Any capital expenditure plans should be taken in advance, and they should be included in the budgeting process accordingly.10. Update the budget modelAny changes in the assumptions of the budget model should be updated, and final budget should be prepared accordingly. A delay in this may lead to glitches later on that could cause confusion.11. Review the budgetThe budget should be reviewed thoroughly once it is prepared in order to correct any flaws. A little decimal placed wrongly can create quite an unbalance in the budget sheet.12. Obtain approvalThe budget should be presented to the top management. They will evaluate whether it has been prepared according to their requirements and finally l approve it if it does not need any changes.13. Issue the budgetThe budget should be formally issued after its approval. All the operations there and then will take place according to it.IMPORTANCE OF BUDGETSBudgets Set TargetsBudgets serve as a great tool for controlling and monitoring. They provide a coherent guideline according to which the business operations should be run. The budgets set targets for costs and revenues, targets that can then be achieved through a variety of ways.Strategy Requires FundingBudgets help to formulate the capital expenditure plans of the business. The available funding is always the first thing that is sought for in budget preparation. The available funding determines the kind of capital expenditure plans that a business can opt for. Furthermore, by knowing this in advance the business can decide upon the strategies that it can follow. Thus, budg eting greatly facilitates the formulation of strategies by outlining the available funding in advance.Budgets Communicate PrioritiesBudgets are a great way to communicate priorities. The allocation of budget to different divisions of the business says a lot about the priorities of the business. For example,  if the business allocates huge amount of funding to sales department, it means that the business is laying strong emphasis on the sales and distribution of the project. While if a large amount of funding is given to research and development division, and then it implies that business wants to focus on the development of new products and excel in the market accordingly.Control SpendingBy accurately outlining the expenditures, the budgeting process helps to control the spending. Without a budget, a business will never be able to keep track of its expenditures and can ultimately face considerable loss. However, a budget provides them with vivid expectations through which they can a lways predict which way the business is headed.Eliminate Turf WarsBy prioritizing the spending beforehand, the budgets help to eliminate the turf wars while deciding what projects to invest in. This helps particularly when Business divisions indulge in strong opinions about the allocation of funds. Otherwise, these arguments can distort the working environment to a great extent. Instead of working in collaboration, the business divisions start to work in opposite directions, which will ultimately harm the accomplishment of business goals.Provides a Profit MarginThe budgeting process helps to form the pro forma financial statements. By developing these forecasted financial statements, a business can track its profit margins. This will determine whether it is profitable to run the business operations in future. If the business is not generating profit, the business will have sufficient time to adjust its revenue and costs beforehand. Profit generation is the most important factor due to which a business is running. Without generating profit, a business cannot hope to survive for long in the future.Therefore, budget may seem like an added hassle but is an essential and core aspect of a business. It is through setting oneself a budget that the profit, income and savings can be categorically understood, saved and planned ahead. With a thorough and target based budget, each business becomes better equipped to analyze where the money comes from and also keep the record of where it goes. Creating a budget helps reduce the risk of unexpected losses because statistics can aid a business by predicting upcoming trends. Above all, it essentially allows them to be able to come up with newer schemes and strategies to induce a larger profit for the future. By properly and diligently following steps to understanding the set goals, individuals can learn how to work efficiently along the passage of time. It also helps them gain experience in their spending and allows them the ma rgin to know what is saved and what overspent. Thus, it can be concluded that a budget is a highly useful tool when a business struggles with spending too much and receiving too little.

9 Useful House Plan Books to Help Build Your Dream

Gun Control And The Second Amendment - 922 Words

Gun control has been a long debate to determine if it’s better to have stricter access to firearms. America is one of the few countries that has gun rights embedded in their constitution. But what makes the US exceptional is that it has the right to keep and bear arms, other countries do not provide the right to have access to them, but rather, the government is allowed to regulate its use. The right to bear arms has also been the cause of growing violence and crime, at least according to anti-gun lobbyists. Citizens should be aware the dangers and harm that guns present to society. Controlling the sale of firearms can greatly decrease the number of violent crimes. Most pro-gun ownership often supports their argument with the Second Amendment. However, the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution doesn’t include or mention what types of firearms can be used for self-defense. It would be common sense to limit the sale of guns to handguns or small weapons to protect one’s life. America has the Second Amendment mainly because of the history and it’s been a long tradition of the American people. And it has been further reinforced when the Revolutionary war began and armed civilians or militias won America’s freedom. People don t think about much of this history anymore, they care more for what the law states rather than how it got started or why it’s been implemented. And because of this lack of interest â€Å"attempts to restrict a citizen’s right to own a gun evokeShow MoreRelatedGun Control And The Second Amendment1391 Words   |  6 Pages In the Constitution, the second amendment gives the American people to have the right to possess and bear arms. This amendment has been the most controversial issue since guns have been around. Issues such as gun control and gun ownership have remained a matter of debate and have been floating around in Congress. It has been rumored that Congress is forced to draft certain legislation in order to come up with a law against unlawful use of arms, and only owning them for safety purposes. When it comesRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesThe second amendment has always been deeply rooted in the American culture and constitution. The amendment states A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Being able to protect ourselves, gives us Americans a peace of mind, but now-a-days people are thinking otherwise. Being able to access a firearm so easily without a thorough deep background/mental health ch eck is un-nerving. In the last twoRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment1179 Words   |  5 Pages13 colonies. The Second Amendment has been up for many debates, especially in the recent light of mass shootings in the US. But does the entire removal and ban of firearms really work? Gun control and the second amendment has been a never ending conflict between politicians. As we look further into gun control there are more draw backs for the citizens than benefits. The Second Amendment was ratified to the US Constitution on December 17, 1791 by Congress. The Second Amendment states â€Å"A well-regulatedRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment1166 Words   |  5 Pagesterrible about the Second Amendment; because pro-gun zealots use the Second Amendment to protect their immoral actions, but this is their twisted and corrupted interpretation on the meaning and intent of the Amendment because this is in no way the original premise of the Second Amendment. The right to bear arms laid out in the Second Amendment is just because guns are weapons for self-defense. Precautions are taken on gun control, such as keeping a permanent record of all gun sales, requiring a licenseRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesGuns, Guns, Guns. In today’s news Gun Control, has become a controversial topic. I have heard many people say that, â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people†. So, do we need gun control? People talk because they have mouths, they don’t know the extent about gun violence. About half of the country’s population is for / against gun control. Consistently, the media outlets are reporting shootings, that is accidental or intentional whichever way it is trending across the United States. Stronger gunRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment994 Words   |  4 Pagescrimes take place every second and there is nothing we can do about it. Not only that, but, with the dramatic rise in mass shootings in our nation comes a compelling division between political and legal agendas predicated on the Second Amendment. I want to emphasize that every single crime is violent whether is involves a handgun, knife or nothing at all. Everyone in our nation knows the law and it is the offenders choices to break it and harm others. With that being said, guns dont kill people, butRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment1850 Words   |  8 PagesWhene ver the Second Amendment is discussed, gun control is usually the focus of the discussion due to the connections that gun control and the Second Amendment have. Although the Second Amendment protects the individual right to firearms, the unlimited right is not. America was founded through guns, using their own arms to fight the British in order to gain independence, making it natural for America to be heavily focused on guns. However, many people have abused the weapon, making the controversialRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment Essay1981 Words   |  8 Pages Gun Control has been a controversy for as long as people can remember. This Controversy has increased recently due to the mass shootings taken place all over the United States. Gun control has its pros and cons, Some believe â€Å"Gun control laws state that the Second Amendment was intended for militias; that gun violence would be reduced; that gun restrictions have always existed; and that a majority of Americans, including gun owners, support new gun restrictions.†While others say that the SecondRead MoreGun Control and the Second Amendment2364 Words   |  10 PagesThe Second Amendment to the Constitution says, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed† (Agresti, 2009, para. 2). Based on a simple reading of this, it would seem that people do have the right to own and use firearms. So why are so many people trying to ban guns? Maybe it is because they do n ot understand what the Second Amendment actually means. Maybe it is because the media only reportsRead MoreThe Second Amendment And Gun Control928 Words   |  4 Pagesothers’ view of our own person are sometimes just as or more important. In reference to the Second Amendment and gun control, the author, Saul Cornell, makes a case for how sometimes every group can think they are the ones in the right, but at the same time, every group can ultimately be in the wrong. It is important to think of not just right or wrong and the rights given to citizens by the Second Amendment to the Constitution, but to think back deeper into history as well and what helped to found

Intrisic Motivation Increases Student Achievement

Brief Review of the Literature Studies have indicated that intrinsic motivation increases student achievement. The success of integrating technology with increased student achievement could vary based on students’ intrinsic motivational styles. ATLAS has identified viable motivational styles within individual learning styles. Understanding different technologies and their effect on motivational styles in ATLAS has not been studied, but studies validate the importance and the need for this study. Technology Integration Cauley, Aiken, and Whitney (2010) researched students’ comfort levels with technology and their success in school. The participants consisted of 168 students. The participants were given a survey to analyze their†¦show more content†¦108). This research is important to the proposed study because it indicates that student engagement can be increased if technology is implemented correctly. Ehrlich, Sporte, and Sebring (2013) reported the differences in technology use in districts in Chicago. The study found that 92 percent of students have access to the internet and technology at home. However, the frequency of use varied depending on the school that the students attended. Twenty to thirty percent of students used technology at school never or rarely. An inequality of technology exists between schools and schools that use technology. Schools that frequently use technology have higher achieving students. Enrich et al., (2010) stated, Technology use is ubiquitous in America’s colleges and most workplaces, and it is fast becoming accepted as fact that all students—elementary and high school—must be exposed to technology (p. 1). This research is important to the proposed study because it indicates that the use of technology is inconsistent even when there is similar availability to technology. This research implies that researchers need to dete rmine better ways of implementing technology consistently. Learning Styles Hayenga Corpus (2010), researchers from the Institute for Scientific Information compared different motivational levels of middle schoolShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Meaning of System Rewards2031 Words   |  9 Pagesother words, commitments for organizations, can see when the employee always faithful in the organizations. My opinions, factor rewards important in organizations to improve the productivities and achievement to stage a more successful, example of rewards is job security, annual bonus, salary increase, promotions and apperication. Rewards is consideration recieved by the employee as a result of the good performance, Skinner said (1969), rewards is reinforcement, because it is related with the person

Enzymes Lab free essay sample

Introduction Enzymes are protein based structures that help speed up chemical reactions. They help these reactions keep up with the everyday metabolic needs and other like functions of organisms. Enzymes are also considered catalysts, due to the lowering in activation energy, in which they are not consumed or changed at any point during the reaction. These enzymes have three main protein structures that help keep them formed and intact. Stage 1 of these structures is the primary structure, which is a unique sequence of amino acids. These unique sequences, when either folded or coiled into a chain, make up the second stage, the secondary structure. Once all these coils are folded into a three dimensional structure, the molecule is in the tertiary structure. These structures are all maintained by the formation of weak hydrogen bonds, and stronger covalent bonds. When enzymes are in the tertiary structure, they have the capability of having a specific substrate enter the active site. Once the substrate enters the active site, it forms a short transient stage known as the enzyme substrate complex. This is where, if the substrate(s) fit, the enzyme will produce specific product through the reaction process of catalysis. The enzyme being studied, catechol oxidase, is a common and well known enzyme that helps in the process of bruising and browning in fruits and vegetables (Danyk, 2013/2014). It is known as catechol oxidase because the phenolic compound, catechol, is being oxidized into quinones, in this case, benzoquinone. Enzymes activity is able to be sped up in many ways, including pH, increase in temperature, and the amount of substrate concentration. As the temperature increases, the rate of collisions between reactants also increases. This increase in rate affects the enzymes because the substrates move in and out of the enzyme faster, until the point at which a temperature will be too hot and it will rupture the bonds in potato juice being used. The acidity or alkalinity of a solution works in the same way, as high acidity or basicity will cause degeneration of the proteins as well. As for  substrate available, there will come a time where the enzyme cannot attach and release the substrates any faster, resulting in a plateau in the benzoquinone concentrations. (Danyk, 2013/2014) In our experiment we used potato juice extract to determine the influence of pH, temperature, and substrate concentration on the rate of enzyme activity. This being said, the increased speed of catechol oxidase should help produce higher concentrations of benzoquinone in the solutions. Methods and Materials The enzyme catechol oxidase was placed into a high speed blender to form a juice. All tests were watched for 5 minutes with gentle shaking at 1 minute intervals, and then placed into the 3 °C ice baths and arranged from palest to darkest. Tubes were placed into 3 °C ice baths in order to stop reactions. For the substrate concentration with 5mL of pH7 buffer was added to each of the six tubes. Respectively, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 drops of catechol were added to each of the tubes. To equal out the amount of solution in each of the test tubes, respectively 23, 22, 20, 16, 8 and 0 drops of pH 7 buffer were added. 30 drops of potato juice containing the catechol oxidase enzyme were then added to the solution, and then timed for 5 minutes at room temperature. The pH treatment only required 5 test tubes, with 3mL of matching buffer (pH4, pH6, pH7, pH8, and pH10) in the appropriate tube. Following this, 10 drops of both potato juice and catechol are added to the tubes, and then timed for 5 minutes at room temperature. For temperature, 6 test tubes were required, and placed in their appropriate temperature treatments all with 3mL of pH7 buffer in them. These tubes were place in either 3 °C, 12 °C, 20 °C, 35 °C, 50 °C, and 70 °C baths for 15 minutes to warm each tube up to the appropriate temperature. After the 15 minutes, 10 drops of both catechol and potato juice are added to each of the pH7 solutions. After arranging all the solutions from palest to darkest in their respective treatments, the spectrometer would be needed. Starting with the palest and moving to the darkest, all absorbance was measured at 460 nm. Once all these  readings are found, divide by 0.0078 to calculate the benzoquinone concentration ( µm). Mean and standard deviation were both calculated using Microsoft Excel 2007. Results Based off the class date and the means calculated, it was found that all treatments had a point in which there would be no more benzoquinone released due to bonds breaking. The trend found when working with the amount of substrate availability showed a gradual plateau at concentration of about 85-90  µm (Figure 1). But based off the data collected, until this point, amount of substrate available did have an impact on how the concentration of benzoquinone. After the results were calculated, there was a peak at which it had the highest concentration of benzoquinone, pH7. As the pH got lower, so did the benzoquinone concentrations. As well, when the pH got higher, more bonds would degenerate, causing the benzoquinone concentrations do be lower (Figure 2). The results were seen and could be predicted as to almost be a bell curve trend. Temperature had almost the same effect as pH did. When the temperature reached a certain point, bonds started to be broken throughout the reaction. This caused almost a bell curve in the results. The point at which the highest benzoquinone concentration was found was at about 15 20 °C (Figure 3). Even though the class data pointed out there was a higher concentration at about 70 °C, in general there was a bell curve to the results. Figure 1: Mean amount of benzoquinone concentrations from potato juice at different amount of substrate available including standard deviation with n=6. The bars above and below represent the standard deviation for the class. (n=6) Figure 2: Mean amount of benzoquinone concentration from potato juice when working with different pH including standard deviation with n=5. The bars above and below represent the standard deviation for the class. (n=5) Figure 3: The mean amount of benzoquinone concentrations from potato juice at different temperatures including standard deviation with n=6. Bars above and below represent the standard deviation for the class. (n=6) Discussion The results seen during this experiment supported the hypothesis that temperature, pH, and the amount of substrate available all increase the rate of enzyme activity. This is proven by the results discovered in the reactions done. During the reactions, after putting them through the spectrophotometer, the results matched that all treatments would increase the rate at which catechol oxidase works. Both temperature and pH showed a peak before dropping again after a certain point, and the amount of substrate availability showed a gradual plateau. As temperature increases, so does the frequency of the at which substrates collides with active sites. This is due to the increased rapid moving of the substrates. Once the temperature reaches a certain point, in this case about 15-20 °C, the temperature actually starts to rupture the weaker bonds in the active site. This is why there is the drop in the benzoquinone concentration (Reece, 2011). However, in the graph, there was an unexpected result found at the reaction at 70 °C (Figure 3). This result was not seen to be possible, but it was evident that at the 2 tables, due to the cloudyness of the reaction, more light was absorbed in the spectrophotometer. Both the pH reaction and the amount of substrate available both agreed with the hypothesis given, and followed the trend lines expected. No unexpected results came from these 2 reactions. Both these reactions followed different trend lines, due to the effects of the treatments. PH was able to degenerate the ative sites, where as the amount of substrate just made it too much to actually coninue the reation any faster. Thats why there is a plateau when working with the amount of substrate. PH also works the same as temperature, where all enzymes work best at an optimal pH. Most enzymes work best at an optimal pH of 6-8. Beyond these optimal pHs, the active site usually degenerates, and in this labs case, they did degenerate, leaving a peak and drop in the reations. To conclude, with the exception of the skewed result during the temperature readings, all three followed the general and predicted trend lines of the reaction. And with the reactions following the proper trend lines, it is evident that there is an understanding of how temperature, pH, and amount of substrate available affect the rate at which enzymes work Literature Cited Danyk, Helena. 2013. The Cellular Basis Of Life Laboratory Manual. Department Of Biological Sciences. University Of Lethbridge. Reece, J.B., L.A. Urry, M.L Cain, S.A. Wasserman, P.V. Minorsky, and R.B. Jackson. 2011. Campbell Biology, Ninth Edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Fransisco, CA.